Common road and surface conditions

Rain reduces the grip between tires and pavement, especially in the first minutes of a storm when oil rises to the surface.

• Increase following distance to at least four seconds.
• Brake and steer gently and early.
• Avoid cruise control on wet pavement.

Pooled water can lift tires off the road surface and hide what lies underneath it.

• Slow down before reaching water, not in it.
• Avoid driving through water of unknown depth.
• Test brakes lightly after passing through.

Loose material shifts under the tires and lengthens stopping distances.

• Reduce speed before the transition from pavement.
• Keep steering inputs smooth and small.
• Leave extra space to limit thrown stones.

Potholes are most common after freeze and thaw cycles and heavy rain, and can affect tires, wheels, and alignment.

• Scan well ahead so you can avoid them safely.
• Release the brake just before impact if one cannot be avoided.
• Check tire pressure and look for sidewall bulges afterward.

Lane shifts, uneven pavement, and workers on foot call for lower speeds and full attention.

• Follow posted work zone speeds.
• Watch for sudden merges and grooved pavement.
• Put the phone away before entering the zone.

Fog, heavy rain, glare, and dusk make it harder to see and to be seen.

• Use low beams in fog and rain.
• Keep the windshield clean inside and out.
• Slow to a speed that lets you stop within the distance you can see.

Tire fragments, cargo, and branches can appear with little warning.

• Avoid tailgating trucks and loaded vehicles.
• Do not swerve sharply; check mirrors before changing lanes.
• Report hazards to local authorities when safe to do so.